When the body repairs damaged tissue, inflammation develops at the wound site. However, if this process is prolonged, excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species — chemically active molecules capable of damaging cells — accumulate in the tissues. This condition is known as oxidative stress. It is considered one of the key causes of delayed wound healing, particularly in chronic skin injuries.

To address this problem, a team from the College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS developed a hydrogel system based on sodium alginate, a natural polymer derived from brown algae. Dendrimers were used to stabilize the structure and serve as molecular containers for delivering the active component. As the antioxidant agent, the researchers used a metalloporphyrin capable of mimicking the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which protects cells from excessive levels of reactive oxygen species.

The developed system combines the functions of all its components. Dendrimers ensure efficient loading of the porphyrin and protect it from premature degradation, while the hydrogel matrix provides conditions for its gradual release directly at the site of injury. The study showed that most of the antioxidant is released in a controlled manner during the first 24 hours. This mechanism is particularly important during the early stages of wound healing, when cells are most vulnerable to oxidative stress.

The researchers confirmed the stability of the system and the effective incorporation of the antioxidant component into the material. In addition, the hydrogel maintained its structural integrity over an extended period and demonstrated the properties required for use in modern medical coatings.

“Biological tests were conducted on human skin cells. The results showed that the material had no toxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the main cells involved in the regeneration of skin tissue. Their viability remained high even after several days of contact with the hydrogel,” said Nikita Yabbarov, Associate Professor at the College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS.

After confirming the material’s biocompatibility, the researchers evaluated the functional activity of the hydrogel under conditions of artificially induced oxidative stress. The experiments showed that the system significantly reduced excessive levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. This also confirms the ability of the developed formulation to protect cells from oxidative damage.

“Another important result was the material’s effect on immune cells — macrophages. They play a key role in wound healing: some types promote inflammation, while others, on the contrary, contribute to tissue repair. The developed hydrogel stimulated the transition of macrophages to a pro-regenerative state, which is associated with the formation of new tissue and the resolution of the inflammatory process,” said Darya Zinovieva, co-author of the study and a student at the College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS.

Fedor Senatov, Director of the College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS, said: “The results allow us to consider the new hydrogel system as a promising platform for developing advanced biocompatible wound-healing coatings. In the future, the technology could form the basis for materials designed to restore skin and mucous membranes where it is necessary to simultaneously control inflammation, protect cells from oxidative damage, and stimulate natural regenerative processes. It is particularly important to note that this undergraduate thesis was carried out at the level of a serious scientific study. The research topic and its relevance were driven by the partners of our university within the Health Engineering consortium, established at the initiative of MISIS as part of the Priority 2030 program.”

Infrared detectors are used in industrial monitoring, medicine, environmental science, night-vision systems, and space technology. Typically, such devices operate according to one of two principles: either photoelectric sensors directly convert photons into an electrical signal, or thermal sensors detect changes in material properties caused by heating under radiation.

To address this limitation, the scientists developed an innovative infrared sensor based on lead telluride single crystals. For the first time, the device combines two radiation-detection mechanisms — photoelectric and thermal — thereby improving the efficiency of object detection.

“We have shown that a single semiconductor element can detect infrared radiation through two different physical mechanisms. At the same time, the mechanisms have virtually no effect on each other. When exposed to mid-wave infrared radiation with wavelengths of 2–5 μm, the device operates as a conventional photodiode: photons generate an electrical signal through the creation of electron-hole pairs. At longer wavelengths, starting from 10.6 μm, a different mechanism is activated — the barrier pyroelectric effect,” said Danil Kobtsev, Research Assistant at the Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors at NUST MISIS.

Lead telluride is widely used in mid-wave infrared photodetectors due to its high sensitivity to this type of radiation. At the same time, the occurrence of the pyroelectric effect on its surface had previously been considered impossible, since according to classical physics, this phenomenon can only be observed in materials without a center of symmetry, such as barium titanate and lithium tantalate. When the temperature of such crystals changes, an electric charge develops on their surface, which can be used to detect infrared radiation.

“Lead telluride is a material with a center of symmetry and cannot exhibit the pyroelectric effect under normal conditions. We introduced an indium impurity into the material and formed a p—n junction, which created an internal electric field inside the crystal. This field broke the local symmetry by shifting the ion sublattices relative to each other. As a result, due to the strong temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity of lead telluride, we obtained a large electrical signal that can be used to detect radiation with an energy below the bandgap. At the same time, the material retained all of its conventional photoelectric properties, making it possible to combine two infrared radiation detection mechanisms in a single device,” explained Vadim Kovalyuk, Head of the Laboratory of Photonic Gases at NUST MISIS.

The researchers confirmed the performance of the experimental samples within the temperature range typical of high-precision detectors, from −233 to −83 °C. Tests demonstrated high sensitivity in the photoelectric mode, a stable thermal response, and stable performance during prolonged operation. The details of the study have been published in the Journal of Applied Physics (Q2).

“The proposed semiconductor architecture provides a foundation for developing universal, compact, and precise array sensors that can be used in thermal imaging, surveillance systems, industrial diagnostics, and scientific research,” said Grigory Goltsman, Chief Research Scientist at the Laboratory of the Quantum Communications Competence Center of NTI at NUST MISIS.

The project was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 23-79-00056) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. FSME-2025-0002).

Microtia, a congenital abnormality of the external ear, occurs in approximately one in 10,000 newborns on average. However, current methods of reconstructing this organ still have several limitations. Autologous cartilage transplantation, in which material for the implant is taken from the patient’s own body, is associated with surgical risks such as bleeding and tissue damage, while synthetic implants made of porous polyethylene are often rejected by the body and can become a source of infection.

Biopolymer constructs printed using a 3D bioprinter avoid these drawbacks, but after implantation they often become deformed under the pressure of contracting skin. To improve implant integration after surgery, specialists from NUST MISIS, together with colleagues from the National Clinical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, the E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, the N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, the Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology, the biotechnology company Imtek, and 3D Bioprinting Solutions developed a hybrid 3D printing method.

“We combined two different groups of materials in a single hybrid 3D bioprinting process: a porous and elastic polymer framework that provided the required biomechanics, and a soft collagen material with chondrocytes that enabled vascular network formation and rapid integration of the implant into the body. We tested two versions of the bioprosthesis framework — one with polylactide ribs and one without them. The conventional implant collapsed under load and lost half of its shape. The ribs increased the structure’s resistance to deformation by 44%,” Fedor Senatov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Director of College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS.

The researchers filled the pores of the framework with a collagen hydrogel containing living chondrocytes — cells that eventually form the body’s own cartilage tissue, which is not rejected by the immune system as a foreign material. The collagen hydrogel also supports active vascular network development, which is essential because implants without blood vessels remain vulnerable to infections due to the lack of immune cell access.

Details of the study are available in the journal International Journal of Bioprinting (Q1).

“We observed connective tissue and small blood vessels growing throughout the entire volume of the implant. In constructs containing chondrocytes, clusters of mature cartilage cells formed, which, if successful, will give rise to new cartilage tissue inside the pores of this improved bioprosthesis. Three-month in vivo tests showed that the artificial ears successfully integrated, caused no inflammation or rejection, and retained their anatomical shape,” Sergey Zhirnov, the lead author of the study and an engineer on a research project at the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine at NUST MISIS.

The work was supported financially by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSME-2026-0018). The researchers’ next step is to conduct clinical trials of the improved implant.

According to Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS, university researchers have been conducting biomedical studies for several years within the university’s strategic technology project “Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials,” implemented under the national “Priority 2030” program. Their developments help improve people’s quality of life significantly.

Every year, up to 90% of drugs that show promising results in vitro and in animal studies later prove ineffective in humans. One reason for this discrepancy is species differences, as well as limitations of existing preclinical models, which do not reliably predict how the human body will respond. Unreliable preclinical models account for up to 75% of all spending on new drug development.

Permeability is the ability of a barrier to allow substances to pass through it. In the intestine, permeability determines how drugs and nutrients move from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream. To measure it, a marker substance is passed through a membrane, and researchers record how much of it reaches the other side and how long the process takes. The closer this value is to that of actual human tissue, the more reliable the model is considered to be.

“The standard for studying the intestinal barrier in vitro remains Caco-2 cells cultured on Transwell inserts. This system consists of a flat monolayer that lacks the characteristic ‘villus-crypt’ relief of the intestinal mucosa. The resulting barrier is also three times denser than human intestinal tissue, which significantly reduces its permeability to soluble substances,” Elizaveta Kudan, DSc in Biology and professor at the College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS.

To address this issue, researchers at NUST MISIS developed a method for producing membranes from polycaprolactone, a biocompatible polymer already used in medicine. The scientists demonstrated that the permeability of the new membrane is two orders of magnitude closer to that of actual human tissue than the standard laboratory model.

“We were able to create a membrane with a stable microrelief that does not flatten out. It is precisely the combination of its structure and carefully selected porosity that allows us to grow intestinal epithelial cells on its surface. These cells form a living barrier that can mimic both healthy intestinal mucosa and disease models. To ensure that the cells were distributed evenly across the complex surface, we additionally treated it with chitosan and polyglutamic acid,” Valentina Kostenko, a co-author of the study and graduate of the iPhD Biomaterials Science program at NUST MISIS.

According to NUST MISIS Rector Alevtina Chernikova, researchers at the university have been conducting biomedical research for several years as part of the strategic technology project “Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials,” implemented under the national Priority 2030 program. Their work is aimed at developing technologies that can significantly improve people’s quality of life.

A patent application has already been filed for the method of producing the biomimetic membrane.

“Targeted drug delivery systems like this represent one of the most promising directions in modern oncology. Nearly 20 million new cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide every year, and chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for a large proportion of patients. Our goal is to develop technologies that make this treatment safer,” said Elena Nikolskaya, PhD in Chemistry and Associate Professor at the College of Biomedical Engineering at NUST MISIS.

Dactinomycin is an anticancer antibiotic used to treat several types of cancer, including melanoma. However, its clinical use is limited by severe side effects, including systemic toxicity, suppression of blood cell production, and damage to the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, physicians often have to reduce the dosage or replace it with less toxic — though sometimes less effective — alternatives. To address this challenge, the researchers proposed delivering the drug using nanoparticles that reduce the exposure of healthy tissues to the highly toxic active compound while enabling its selective accumulation and sustained release within tumors.

“We coated the nanoparticles with membranes derived from melanoma cells. This approach offers two major advantages. First, the immune system is less likely to recognize and eliminate these particles before they reach the tumor. Second, cancer cells preferentially absorb particles with surface characteristics similar to their own, allowing the drug to accumulate precisely where it is needed. The more selectively a nanoparticle targets the tumor, the less toxic drug circulates throughout the body and reaches healthy organs. This reduces both the risk of side effects and the likelihood of treatment resistance,” explained Maxim Vershinin, co-author of the study and a graduate of the Engineering Biotechnology track at NUST MISIS.

The researchers optimized the synthesis conditions to maximize the drug loading capacity of the nanoparticles while ensuring gradual drug release followed by safe biodegradation. In vitro experiments showed that the developed nanoparticles entered tumor cells more efficiently than the conventional formulation and were more than twice as effective at killing melanoma cells.

The project received the award for Best Presentation at BIOTECH FORUM 2025 in Almetyevsk and was also awarded second-degree diplomas at both the Lomonosov 2025 International Conference and the Biochemical Physics 2025 conference.

The research was carried out as part of the Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials strategic project at NUST MISIS under Russia’s Priority 2030 academic leadership program.

Nerve cells are sensitive not only to chemical and electrical signals but also to mechanical forces arising from injuries and various diseases. However, the mechanisms by which cells detect and process such signals remain poorly understood.

“For several years, a research team at NUST MISIS led by Alexander Erofeev has been developing innovative technologies for medicine. The scientists have created a new approach for studying brain cells based on scanning ion conductance microscopy. Using an ultrafine glass nanopipette, researchers can apply mechanical stimulation to specific regions of a cell with extremely high precision, down to tens of nanometers. The technique does not damage the cell and simultaneously measures changes in its properties in real time. This technology opens up new opportunities for investigating the mechanisms of nervous system function and, in the future, could be used to study the consequences of traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and the regeneration of nervous tissue after damage,” said Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS.

The researchers conducted experiments on hippocampal neurons, which is a region of the brain responsible for learning and memory, as well as on astrocytes, the cells that support and protect neurons. They applied localized mechanical stimulation to different parts of the cells and monitored their responses.

“We found that different types of nervous system cells respond to mechanical stimulation in distinct ways. When the cell body of a neuron was stimulated, it became stiffer. This response was associated with the reorganization of the cell’s internal scaffold, or cytoskeleton. In contrast, stimulating neuronal processes produced no such effect. Astrocytes displayed even more complex behavior. Stimulating the central part of the cell caused temporary softening, whereas stimulation of their processes increased stiffness. This suggests that different nervous system cells are able to ‘filter’ physical signals: the metabolic center of neurons is well protected from incidental mechanical disturbances, while the thin processes of astrocytes are highly sensitive to localized mechanical cues, which is critical for sensing external stimuli,” said Alexander Erofeev, Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics, Head of the Research Laboratory of Biophysics at NUST MISIS.

To determine the cause of these changes, the researchers temporarily blocked the activity of the actin cytoskeleton, one of the key structural components of the cell. After this intervention, the mechanical responses almost completely disappeared. The findings confirmed that cytoskeletal reorganization plays a central role in the cellular response to mechanical stimulation. The results have been published in the journal ChemBioChem (Q1).

“The proposed method not only enables the application of precisely controlled mechanical forces to individual regions of a living cell but also allows researchers to monitor changes in its properties in real time,” said Vasily Kolmogorov, Engineer at the Research Laboratory of Biophysics at NUST MISIS.

The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 25-14-00295).

Neutral atoms are among the most promising platforms for implementing qubits, and interest in this technology continues to grow. Recently, Google Quantum AI also launched research in this area. To enable interactions between qubits, atoms are temporarily excited into highly excited Rydberg states, which dramatically enhance the interaction strength. But only over short distances. Two distant qubits cannot interact directly, so operations between them must be performed through a chain of intermediate atoms. Since each additional operation introduces a certain probability of error, and the chain length increases proportionally with processor size, the overall computational accuracy decreases. As a result, the probability of successfully executing a logical operation drops exponentially as the number of qubits grows.

“Existing neutral-atom quantum processors resemble a city where you can only talk to your nearest neighbor. To send a message across town, it has to be passed from person to person, with the meaning becoming slightly distorted each time. We have proposed a scheme in which the number of operations is fixed and does not depend on the size of the system. In other words, the information bypasses unnecessary intermediaries and reaches its destination without degradation,” said Ivan Dudinets, Research Fellow at the Russian Quantum Center.

The researchers divide qubits into two categories. Computational qubits remain fixed in a static array of optical tweezers throughout the computation. Messenger qubits, which are special mobile atoms, transport quantum information between any two computational qubits. A messenger atom approaches the first qubit, acquires its quantum state, moves to the second qubit, and performs the required quantum operation. The messenger can then either be discarded or reused.

The proposed concept includes five different architectures, distinguished by the way messenger atoms are transported. These include conveyor-belt schemes using moving optical traps, a free-flight approach in which atoms travel ballistically before being recaptured, and hybrid architectures combining routing strategies with quantum teleportation. The full results have been published in the leading international journal Physical Review A.

“All five architectures solve the same fundamental problem. The difference lies in how the messenger qubit is transported. In conveyor architectures, the atom travels inside a moving optical trap. In free-flight schemes, it is launched like a projectile and interacts with qubits while in motion. Hybrid architectures employing quantum teleportation reduce the number of operations by measuring the qubit directly during computation. At present, the bidirectional conveyor architecture appears to be the most experimentally feasible, since all of its essential components have already been demonstrated. However, it also requires the largest number of operations and is therefore the most sensitive to the fidelity of physical gates. We see strong potential for its experimental implementation,” said Alexey Fedorov, PhD, Head of the College of Physics and Quantum Engineering at NUST MISIS.

The research was supported by Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation under the Quantum Computing Roadmap (Agreement No. 868-1.3-15/15-2021, dated October 5, 2021). The work carried out at NUST MISIS was conducted within the framework of the strategic technological project “Quantum Internet” under the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education’s Priority 2030 program.

Early detection of plant diseases is one of the key challenges in agriculture. In practice, leaf photographs are often taken directly in the field, where image quality is affected by lighting, weather conditions, and the surrounding environment. As a result, even state-of-the-art computer vision systems can produce inaccurate results. Researchers at NUST MISIS have proposed a new approach to improve the reliability of these systems. Their solution is based on the HiP²-Net neural network architecture, which enables the algorithm to account for the specific characteristics of individual crop species.

“At NUST MISIS, we embrace the global trend toward the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence across diverse sectors of the economy. Under the leadership of Evgeny Korzhov, PhD in Engineering and Head of the Department of Computer-Aided Design, our researchers have developed a new neural network—based algorithm that analyzes leaf images while simultaneously identifying the plant species, detecting disease symptoms, and determining the type of disease. Looking ahead, this technology could serve as the foundation for mobile applications and digital services for the agricultural sector, enabling faster detection of crop diseases and helping reduce yield losses,” said rector of NUST MISIS Alevtina Chernikova.

To train the system, the researchers employed data augmentation, applying additional image transformations, including the simulation of small disease lesions on leaves. This approach enables the algorithm to recognize subtle and early-stage disease symptoms that are often difficult to detect in the initial phases of infection.

“The algorithm also incorporates information about the image’s ’greenness,’ allowing it to better distinguish leaf tissue while minimizing the effects of shadows, glare, and distracting background elements. This is particularly important for adapting such systems to real-world imaging conditions,” Ali Salem Muthana, postgraduate researcher at the Department of Computer-Aided Design at NUST MISIS.

The newly developed model achieved higher accuracy than the baseline neural network model: the proportion of correctly identified cases increased from 87.5% to more than 93% on the experimental dataset. The system was better at detecting mild disease symptoms, proved less sensitive to variations in background and lighting, and interpretation maps showed that the model focused on biologically meaningful features such as leaf veins, spots, and damaged tissue. The full results have been published in the scientific journal Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science.

“When making predictions, the model focuses on the characteristic features of plant diseases—such as leaf veins, spots, and damaged areas—rather than on incidental elements in the image. In the future, this technology could be integrated into mobile applications for farmers, cloud-based crop monitoring platforms, and digital agriculture systems,” Elena Lyapuntsova, EngD, professor in the Department of Computer-Aided Design at NUST MISIS.

The research team plans to expand the database of crop species and diseases and further adapt the technology to work with photographs captured directly in field conditions, including natural lighting, complex backgrounds, and varying image quality.

The NCUT delegation included President Zhang Lifeng, Dean of the School of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Han Fei, Dean of the School of Civil Engineering Ji Yingbo, and Director of the Office of International Cooperation and Exchanges Xu Mei.

The guests were welcomed by Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation Mikhail Filonov: “The continuous expansion of cooperation with China’s leading universities is aligned with the objectives of MISIS under the Priority 2030 program, which focuses on developing international academic mobility for students, researchers, and faculty members in order to enhance qualifications, exchange experience, and implement best educational and research practices. I am confident that this agreement will open up new opportunities for both sides.”

Vladimir Pirozhkov, Director of the Engineering Center of High-Complexity Prototyping “Kinetica” at MISIS, presented the center’s key projects and spoke about its capabilities in industrial design, digital engineering, and the development of high-tech products.

At the Laboratory of Hybrid Nanostructured Materials, the Chinese colleagues were introduced to the university’s promising developments in advanced materials and additive manufacturing.

Alexander Komissarov, Director of the College of Materials Science, Additive and Scalable Technologies, presented modern educational programs and approaches to training engineering professionals for high-tech industries.

The discussion on future cooperation was attended by Dmitry Vasilyev, Director for International Affairs; Andrey Travyanov, Director of the College of Technologies; Konstantin Grigorovich, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Professor of the Department of Steel Metallurgy, New Production Technologies and Metal Protection; Evgeny Levashov, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Powder Metallurgy and Functional Coatings, and Director of the MISIS—ISMAN Scientific and Educational Center for Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS); Natalia Korotchenko, Director of the Information and Marketing Center; and Yury Rishko, Head of the Academic Affairs Office.

The parties discussed the development of joint research projects in areas of mutual interest and explored opportunities for representatives of both universities to participate in joint seminars, scientific conferences, and other academic events.

The signed memorandum supports the objectives of the Russia—China Cross Years of Education initiative, aimed at promoting academic mobility, developing joint educational projects, and strengthening cooperation between the two countries.

Nickel—titanium alloy is notoriously difficult to machine, and manufacturing components from it typically requires numerous additional processing steps. As a result, increasing attention is being paid to additive manufacturing technologies, particularly laser-based 3D printing using metal powders.

Researchers from NUST MISIS and the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences investigated how laser-printing parameters affect the properties of nickel—titanium alloy. To do this, they produced thin-walled specimens using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process, in which a laser selectively melts metal powder layer by layer. The team varied laser power and scanning speed to determine how these parameters influence the material’s structure and functional behavior.

“For several decades, NUST MISIS has been advancing research in shape memory alloys. The materials and technologies developed by our scientists are now widely used across various sectors of Russian industry and have been successfully implemented in production. In this study, NUST MISIS researchers examined how 3D-printing parameters affect the properties of a nickel—titanium-based alloy. Owing to its unique combination of strength, flexibility, and ability to return to its original shape, this material is widely used in medicine, aerospace engineering, robotics, and microelectronics. It is the alloy used, for example, in vascular stents, orthodontic archwires, and certain types of implants. The results of this research pave the way for the development of improved medical devices, miniature actuators, and components for 4D printing,” said Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS.

The study also showed that under less intensive printing conditions the alloy retains high superelasticity, which is the ability to undergo deformation and fully recover without damage. Under more intense laser exposure, the material exhibits a stronger shape memory effect.

This approach is particularly important for 4D printing, an emerging field in which printed objects can change their shape or properties over time in response to temperature, mechanical load, or other external stimuli. The ability to predetermine material behavior opens the door to a new generation of smart structures.

“The key outcome of this work is the confirmation that the alloy’s properties can be tuned directly during the printing process, without additional heat treatment. We found that changing the printing parameters can shift the phase transformation temperature by nearly 45°C. In other words, we gained the ability to control the point at which the material begins to recover its shape or display superelasticity,” said PhD Stanislav Chernyshikhin, Head of the Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing at NUST MISIS.

The findings may prove valuable for the production of personalized medical implants, miniature mechanisms, flexible joints, and robotic devices. In addition, the study could serve as a foundation for developing industrial printing protocols for nickel—titanium alloys with predefined characteristics tailored to specific applications and operating conditions.

The research findings were published in the scientific journal Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (Q1). The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 25-29-00954).

Organic dyes are among the most widespread classes of water pollutants. They enter wastewater from textile, pharmaceutical, and chemical manufacturing and are difficult to remove using conventional treatment methods. Existing magnetic nano-adsorbents typically require chemical surface treatment of the nanoparticles to effectively bind pollutants. Such coatings limit the range of substances that can be captured, complicate the operation of purification systems, and make regeneration of the sorbent more difficult.

Scientists from NUST MISIS and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University demonstrated that surface modification of nanoparticles is not necessary. Instead, the key is in designing their internal structure correctly, since it determines which dye will be absorbed and by what mechanism.

The researchers synthesized rod-shaped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles — tiny magnetic rods permeated with two types of pores: small pores (up to 10 nm) and large pores (up to 50 nm). The ratio of pore sizes was controlled by adjusting the heating rate during calcination of the matrix from which the nanoparticles were later formed: the slower the heating, the greater the number of small pores. After water purification, the nanoparticles can be instantly removed from the water using an ordinary magnet.

To understand how the pores affect absorption, the researchers added the nanoparticles to solutions containing three dyes: methylene blue, methyl orange, and eriochrome blue.

“These three dyes were chosen deliberately — all of them are widely used in industry and regularly end up in wastewater. Methylene blue is used in medicine as well as for dyeing cotton, wool, and silk. As a byproduct of aniline production, it can heavily contaminate water resources in regions with chemical industries. Methyl orange is used in the chemical and textile industries. It is a toxic substance that is hazardous if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. Eriochrome blue is used in the textile industry for fabric dyeing. What all of them have in common is that they decompose extremely slowly in the natural environment and are poorly removed by standard purification methods. That is why, once they enter water systems, they remain there for a very long time. However, our development successfully dealt with each of them,” Alexey Nikitin, Candidate of Chemical Sciences and Associate Professor at the Department of Physical Materials Science at NUST MISIS.

Eriochrome blue produced an unexpected result: upon contact with the nanoparticles, it clumped together into large aggregates measuring several hundred nanometers. At low concentrations, the dye was absorbed effectively, but at high concentrations the aggregates returned to the solution. Such behavior has never before been documented for this class of dyes. The detailed findings were published in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (Q1).

“This development changes the conventional view that surface chemistry is the most important feature of a sorbent. Pore architecture plays an equally important role. In the future, industries will be able to use sorbents tailored to specific pollutants, making them simpler, cheaper, and more reliable under real production conditions. In addition, dyes have different molecular structures and acquire different charges when dissolved in water, making them a convenient platform for studying adsorption processes,” Maxim Abakumov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences and Head of the “Biomedical Nanomaterials” Laboratory at NUST MISIS.

The study was carried out as part of the strategic technological project “Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials” at NUST MISIS under the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education’s “Priority 2030” program.

Retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, are often diagnosed at late stages, when vision can no longer be restored. One reason is the limitations of existing diagnostic methods: they detect structural changes but miss early functional disturbances in cells.

“Researchers at NUST MISIS have been engaged for several years in developing innovative technologies that in the future will simplify diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The diagnostic method for retinal pathologies developed at the university based on the ‘glow’ of cells will become an important tool for detecting diseases and assessing the effectiveness of ongoing therapy,” said Rector of NUST MISIS Alevtina Chernikova.

Scientists from MISIS University, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and the Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry studied lipofuscin, which is a pigment that accumulates with age in retinal pigment epithelial cells. It can luminesce under light exposure, and its properties can be used to assess the condition of the eye. A key feature of lipofuscin is its phototoxicity: when irradiated with visible light, it can generate reactive oxygen species and toxic oxidation products that cause pronounced oxidative stress. Studying these processes is important for understanding mechanisms of retinal damage and diagnosing age-related degenerative changes. A major role here is played by lipofuscin’s autofluorescence. Measuring its “glow” parameters is an important tool for early diagnosis of eye diseases.

Until now, there has been insufficient data on how exactly the composition of lipofuscin changes under photodamage and how this is reflected in its “glow” signal. For the first time, Russian researchers used fluorescence lifetime imaging to track at the cellular level how lipofuscin changes during photooxidation inside pigment epithelial cells.

Experiments showed that as photooxidation progresses, not only does the composition of lipofuscin change, but also the nature of its “glow”: in particular, the fluorescence lifetime increases. This is presumably due to the fact that the original molecular components of lipofuscin are oxidized and partially broken down, while the products of their transformation have different fluorescent properties.

“What is important is that we were able to record these changes without introducing additional labels or interfering with the cell. Such measurements became possible thanks to fluorescence lifetime imaging. This is a modern microscopy method based on measuring the lifetime of excited molecular states, which allows us to obtain additional diagnostic information about tissue condition,” said Alexey Semenov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, researcher at the Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors at MISIS.

The scientists also studied the role of antioxidants in suppressing the phototoxic effects of lipofuscin. In the experiment, they investigated the carotenoid protein AstaP, isolated from the microalgae Coelastrella astaxanthina, which can deliver zeaxanthin, which is a natural substance that protects cells from oxidative stress. It was found that the AstaP—zeaxanthin complex slows down lipofuscin degradation: the formation of oxidized products is reduced, and complete pigment damage does not occur. Details of the study are published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry B (Q1).

“To increase the sensitivity and speed of measurements, in the next stage we plan to use quantum sensors we have developed — superconducting single-photon detectors,” said Grigory Goltsman, leading researcher at the Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies at MISIS.

The work was carried out under the program for attracting talented young scientists under the age of 39 (postdocs) within the framework of Priority 2030 (grant No. K4-2024-3).

“Our team at MISIS University, a national leader in materials science, has developed and patented an innovative aluminum-based alloy that combines strength, ductility, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. By varying the ratio of alloying additions (scandium and zirconium) we can design materials with properties tailored to specific applications,” said NUST MISIS Rector Alevtina Chernikova.

Modern electronics and electric vehicles require lightweight materials capable of efficiently dissipating heat. Emerging trends in automotive manufacturing involve producing a single large, complex-shaped casting instead of assembling numerous smaller components, significantly accelerating production. This technology has already been successfully adopted by Tesla, which manufactures aluminum parts weighing up to 150 kg using Giga Press machines. However, conventional casting alloys are unsuitable for such applications because they do not provide sufficient thermal conductivity.

The researchers based their work on an aluminum alloy containing zinc and calcium. Previous studies had demonstrated its high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and suitability for casting technologies. The alloy enables the production of complex-shaped components in large volumes, but its relatively low strength limited its range of applications.

“To address this issue, we added small amounts of scandium and zirconium, elements capable of increasing strength without reducing thermal conductivity. During the study, we varied their ratio and investigated how this affected the material’s properties,” said Anastasia Lyskovich, a postgraduate researcher at the Department of Foundry Technologies and Artistic Processing of Materials at MISIS.

“The challenge in developing a material that is both suitable for casting and highly thermally conductive lies in the fact that most casting alloys contain large amounts of alloying elements that reduce heat conductivity. In our alloy, calcium and zinc provide the necessary casting properties while having minimal impact on aluminum’s ability to dissipate heat. The high mechanical performance is achieved through scandium and zirconium, which are added in very small quantities and effectively strengthen the alloy during heat treatment,” explained Andrey Koltygin, Head of the Department of Foundry Technologies and Artistic Processing of Materials and Director of the Engineering Center for Foundry Technologies and Materials at MISIS.

The study showed that increasing the zirconium content slightly reduces strength and thermal conductivity but improves ductility, significantly enhances corrosion resistance, and lowers the material’s cost.

The findings open new opportunities for developing advanced aluminum alloys for electronics, energy systems, and transportation applications, where complex-shaped components must simultaneously provide efficient heat dissipation and withstand mechanical loads.

The research results were published in the journals Materials (Q2) and Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (Q1). The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 24-29-00682).

“At the University of MISIS, the strategic technological project Materials Energy is being carried out under the Priority 2030 national program. A research team led by the talented young Doctor of Engineering Danila Saranin is developing technologies and materials for alternative energy, focusing on extending the service life and improving the efficiency of next-generation solar cells. The researchers enhanced the thermal stability of perovskites by introducing triphenylamine-pyridine molecules into the material structure, which nearly tripled the devices’ effective operating lifetime. The proposed method could become one of the key approaches for the future large-scale production of solar panels,” MISIS University Rector Alevtina Chernikova.

Today, perovskite solar cells significantly outperform silicon-based counterparts in cloudy conditions and under artificial lighting. However, the widespread adoption of these panels remains limited because the thin films rapidly degrade when exposed to adverse environmental factors.

One of the key challenges facing materials scientists is extending the operational lifetime of perovskite modules at high temperatures, which greatly accelerate corrosion of metal contacts and the formation of structural defects. Existing stabilization methods, such as surface passivation, often work only under mild, near-room-temperature conditions and prove insufficient at the standard operating temperatures of solar panels — 80—100°C.

To address this issue, researchers from MISIS University, together with colleagues from the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, proposed an effective way to protect perovskite modules from heat-induced degradation. The team introduced special organic molecules into the material that form thin films directly within the perovskite structure. These molecules stabilize the material from within, protect the interfaces between the device layers, and slow down defect formation.

“The triphenylamine-pyridine molecules we introduced are designed so that one part donates electrons while the other attracts them. This allows them to interact efficiently with the perovskite and create localized electric fields inside the material, altering the energy levels at crystal grain boundaries. This reduces energy losses and increases the open-circuit voltage to 1.14 V. The molecules also increase the activation energy required for the diffusion of critical defects, which extended the solar cell’s effective operating lifetime by more than three times at 80°C,” Ekaterina Ilyicheva, engineer at the Advanced Solar Energy Laboratory of MISIS University.

The new molecules block ion migration within the material — one of the main causes of perovskite degradation over time. Thanks to this, the stable operating lifetime at 80°C increased nearly threefold. Full details of the study are available in the journal Solar RRL (Q1).

“Thermal degradation has remained the main barrier to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Our bulk passivation strategy using the TPA-Py molecule not only preserves high efficiency but also dramatically improves device stability under real operating conditions,” Lev Luchnikov, research engineer at the Advanced Solar Energy Laboratory of MISIS University.

The work was carried out as part of the MISIS University strategic technological project Materials Energy under the Priority 2030 program and was also supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-19-00812-P.

Many complex metal components are produced from powders. For this purpose, hot isostatic pressing technology is used: powder is placed into a sealed metal shell—a mold—which is then compressed and heated under high pressure. As a result, the particles are sintered, forming a dense material.

“The mold is a key element of this process. It must be strong, airtight, ductile at high temperatures, and at the same time easily removable after processing. Typically, such shells are made from metal blanks welded together. However, this method is not suitable for complex shapes. An alternative can be 3D printing, but it is expensive and limited by equipment size,” said Andrey Travyanov, Director of the College of Technologies at NUST MISIS.

Scientists from NUST MISIS and the University of Lyon proposed a different approach—using cold spray deposition. This is a technology in which metal powder is deposited at high velocity onto a surface, forming a dense coating. This method makes it possible to create thick metal layers without significant internal stresses.

First, a model of the future part is created, for example from aluminum. Then a steel layer is applied onto it using cold spray deposition. After that, the aluminum base is removed, leaving a metal shell of the required shape. To strengthen the temporary coating, the scientists carried out heat treatment. As a result, the material properties improved significantly: strength increased by about 4 times, while ductility rose from 1% to 20%.

Afterwards, the researchers assembled a full capsule, filled it with nickel alloy powder, and performed pressing. The shell withstood the entire process: no cracks formed, and the joints remained strong. Details of the study were published in Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (Q2).

“We demonstrated the possibility of creating complex-shaped shells without welding and expensive printing. In the future, the technology may be applied not only to powders but also in additive manufacturing. For example, it may be used to densify parts produced by cold spray deposition, opening new opportunities for creating strong metallic components of complex shape,” said PhD (Tech.) Maxim Khomutov, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Hybrid Additive Technologies, NUST MISIS.

Anna Denisova, Deputy Director of the Information and Marketing Center at MISIS University, took part in the main plenary discussion, “Investing in a New Reality: How to Increase the Efficiency of the Mining Industry in 2026.” Valery Suprun, Director of the University’s Project and Expert Center, discussed current challenges facing the coal industry and possible solutions during a roundtable session. Vasily Cheskidov, Deputy Director of the Mining Institute, served on the jury of the финал of the Mining Industry 4.0 digital projects competition.

As part of the exhibition, MISIS University showcased several technologies aimed at improving the efficiency of mineral extraction and processing:

• Dip-Strike Imager software suite — designed to determine fracture geometry based on optical borehole imaging data. Developed by Pyotr Nikolenko, PhD in Engineering, Associate Professor at the Department of Physical Processes of Mining and Geocontrol;
• Coal Expert petrographic and reflectometric analysis system — intended to improve the accuracy of coal quality assessment. Developed by Svetlana Epstein, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at the Department of Mining Safety and Ecology and Head of the Physicochemistry of Coal Research and Testing Laboratory;
• Technology for producing high-grade iron ore concentrate used in direct reduced iron (DRI) production. Developed by Elena Chanturiya, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at the Department of Mineral Processing and Recycling of Mineral and Technogenic Raw Materials;
• A solution for creating digital twins of mineral deposits. Developed by Valery Suprun, Doctor of Engineering;
• Approaches to end-to-end optimization of mining production processes within the Mine-to-Mill concept. Developed by Vasily Cheskidov, PhD in Engineering.

The exhibition is traditionally held with the support of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use (Rosnedra), the State Duma Committee on Economic Policy, Industry, Innovative Development and Entrepreneurship, as well as other government bodies.

The journal Mining Science and Technology (Russia) has been published since 2010. It focuses on mineral deposit development and geology, rock properties, geomechanics and geophysics, mineral processing, mine surveying, industrial safety, environmental issues, mine construction, mining machinery and transport, energy, automation, digital technologies, and case studies from the mining industry. The journal is indexed in international and Russian databases, including Scopus, is included in the core of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), the Higher Attestation Commission (VAK) list (Category 1), and the White List (Level 1).

The journal Powder Metallurgy and Functional Coatings covers a wide range of topics: from powder production and sintering technologies to additive manufacturing, nanostructured materials, and functional coatings. Published since 2007, it is indexed in international and Russian databases, including Scopus, and is included in the VAK list (Category 1). All articles undergo double-blind peer review and are published in open access under the CC BY 4.0 license.

The journal Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, founded in 1958, focuses on ore beneficiation, metallurgy of non-ferrous, rare and precious metals, foundry production, metal forming, and corrosion issues. The journal is indexed in Scopus, included in the RSCI core, the VAK list (Category 1), and the White List of scientific journals (Level 2). All articles undergo double-blind peer review and are published in open access.

The journal Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy has also been published since 1958. Its key topics include modern metallurgical technologies, resource efficiency, environmental issues, automation of production processes, and the development of new materials. The journal is indexed in Scopus, included in the VAK list (Category 1), the RSCI core, and the White List (Level 1). It is published six times a year.

The selection concludes with the first 2026 issue of the Russian Journal of Industrial Economics, which focuses on strategic management, economic analysis, sustainable development, the green economy, and corporate social responsibility. The journal is included in the VAK list (Category 1), the RSCI core, the RSCI database on the Web of Science platform, and the Unified State List of Scientific Publications (Level 1).

One of the promising candidates as an alternative to rare-earth magnets in a number of applications is a manganese-aluminum-based alloy. Its magnetic properties are associated with the so-called τ-phase. However, this phase is unstable and can easily degrade when temperature or processing conditions change.

Scientists at NUST MISIS investigated how adding small amounts of vanadium and applying different cooling methods — from conventional quenching to ultrafast melt spinning on a rotating copper wheel — affect the behavior of such alloys. The study examined alloys with manganese content ranging from 51% to 55%.

“Composition and cooling conditions make it possible to control the material’s structure more precisely. We found that adding vanadium makes the magnetic τ-phase less stable: it forms within a narrower composition range and decomposes at lower temperatures. However, under ultrafast quenching conditions, vanadium helps obtain this phase without additional heat treatment,” said Mikhail Gorshenkov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Materials Science and Leading Researcher at the Center for Infrastructure Cooperation and Partnership “MegaScience”.

The best result was achieved for a manganese-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Mn₅₃Al₄₄V₃). In the cast sample after quenching and annealing, the fraction of the magnetic phase exceeded 90%. In thin metallic ribbons produced by ultrafast cooling, a high proportion of this phase formed without additional heat treatment, which could simplify the technology for producing the required ferromagnetic phase with a fine grain structure. The researchers also observed a slight increase in the magnetization of the ferromagnetic phase.

“Another interesting result was the discovery of Curie temperature hysteresis: the temperature of the ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition during heating was found to be more than 100 °C higher than during cooling. At the same time, no changes in the crystal structure of the material were observed. This effect is unusual for most ferromagnets and had not previously been observed in the alloys we study. We assume that the observed phenomenon may be related to a first-order magnetic phase transition mechanism. We are currently investigating this effect, as it could be useful for the development of various sensors,” said Anastasia Fortuna, Assistant at the Department of Physical Materials Science, NUST MISIS.

The detailed results were published in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Q2). The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under project No. 23-13-00161.

Aluminum has a low density, which makes it widely used to reduce the weight of structures. However, conventional aluminum alloys and modern aluminum matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles have a significant drawback: at temperatures above 300°C, they lose much of their strength.

“Scientists at NUST MISIS have developed and patented an innovative aluminum-based composite that, at temperatures above 300°C, demonstrates strength close to that of structural steel while remaining almost three times lighter. The development will be in demand in aviation, space industry, and mechanical engineering, where components and equipment operate under extreme conditions and in aggressive environments,” said Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS.

The researchers created a hybrid composite material in which the aluminum matrix is simultaneously reinforced with submicron aluminum oxide particles and titanium powder.

“We did not simply mix two types of additives—we created a system in which one of the components (titanium) interacts with the aluminum matrix at every stage, from alloying to annealing, enhancing the strengthening effect of aluminum oxide,” said Alexey Prosviryakov, Candidate of Technical Sciences and Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Ultrafine-Grained Metallic Materials at NUST MISIS.

Aluminum oxide particles, which provide increased stiffness to the composite, are combined with titanium powder. During heat treatment, titanium reacts with aluminum to form hard, refractory intermetallic particles. These particles improve resistance to plastic deformation even at high temperatures, creating an additional strengthening effect.

“Equally important is the method used to create the material—mechanical alloying. Intensive processing in a planetary ball mill refines the structure down to the nanoscale, forming numerous ultrafine and stable grains. These grain boundaries significantly enhance the material’s strength,” added Dmitry Bekarevich, Research Assistant at the Department of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, NUST MISIS.

The support vector machine algorithm is one of the fundamental classification models commonly used for image and digit recognition, as well as in machine learning projects focused on cancer detection and drug discovery.

“In the proposed model, the data array is encoded using qudits, that is, quantum states with more than two levels. This makes it possible to process larger volumes of information without increasing the number of physical carriers. The work brings us closer to the practical application of quantum computers in machine learning tasks,” said Alexey Fedorov, Director of the College of Physics and Quantum Engineering at NUST MISIS.

According to the algorithm’s operating principle, qudits map data into a multidimensional space, where it can then be easily separated and classified.

“First, a sequence of quantum gates (encoding classical data) is applied to the quantum state of a qudit. Then, measurements are performed on all registers, and the output is a classical bit string — a sequence of zeros and ones. The highest classification accuracy was achieved with 1,024 iterations of the quantum gate sequence,” explained Elizaveta Glazkova, a postgraduate student at the Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, NUST MISIS.

The resulting algorithm is already being applied by researchers from NUST MISIS and the Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in joint work on segmenting interfaces of functional thin films for next-generation microelectronics.

Details of the study have been published in the scientific journal Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. The work was carried out as part of the strategic technological project “Quantum Internet” under the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation’s Priority 2030 program.

“Additive technologies are one of the key drivers of modern industry: their application accelerates production cycles and improves material efficiency. A team of scientists from NUST MISIS, led by Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Sergey Nikolaevich Zhevnenko, has developed and patented an innovative method with strong potential for metallurgy and high-temperature electronics. This additive technology enables the creation of tungsten heaters with complex geometries and various sizes, reduces production labor intensity, and enhances product reliability under extreme operating conditions,” said Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS.

Tungsten heaters are a key component in equipment operating at temperatures ranging from 1500 to 3000°C. They are used in vacuum and protective furnaces for sintering and heat treatment, as well as for crystal growth, brazing, and melting of refractory metals. They are widely applied in high-temperature metallurgy and powder technologies, as well as in the synthesis of carbides, nitrides, and superhard materials. These elements are also used in laboratory equipment that simulates extreme conditions for testing new alloys, ceramics, and composites. However, traditional manufacturing of tungsten heaters is labor-intensive due to the difficulties of processing the metal, which limits the scale and efficiency of their use. MISIS researchers addressed this challenge using additive manufacturing, specifically selective laser melting.

“Traditional methods of producing tungsten heaters, which are casting, machining, and manual assembly of composite structures, are complex and expensive, especially when it comes to compact products with multicomponent structures. We have patented an additive manufacturing technology that radically simplifies established processes,” said Professor Sergey Zhevnenko, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, NUST MISIS.

By optimizing melting parameters, the researchers succeeded in producing a monolithic tungsten heater that does not require additional tooling.

“For printing, we used pure tungsten powder with particle sizes in the tens of micrometers. Since this metal has a very high melting point, around 3422°C, the process required high radiation power and precise tuning of technological parameters. In a selective laser melting system, we locally melted tungsten powder in an argon atmosphere, forming the изделие layer by layer,” explained PhD Stanislav Chernyshikhin, Head of the Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing at NUST MISIS.

According to Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Ainur Khairullin, a Category I engineer in the research project at the Department of Physical Chemistry, NUST MISIS, the developed technology makes it significantly easier and more cost-effective, compared to traditional methods, to produce small-sized tungsten heaters for scientific and educational applications. This will help increase the speed and efficiency of research involving high-temperature laboratory methods without additional costs. Overall, the development paves the way for mass production of tungsten heaters for a wide range of industrial applications.

The work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (No. 23-19-00657).

In terms of performance, supercapacitors occupy an intermediate position between conventional capacitors and batteries. They can charge and discharge extremely quickly and withstand tens of thousands of operating cycles. Their characteristics largely depend on the electrode material, which is often activated carbon. However, the traditional production of activated carbon requires considerable time and energy.

Researchers from MISIS University and RIAMT proposed an alternative approach to producing this material. Instead of prolonged heating in furnaces, they applied microwave treatment in a special waveguide operating in a traveling-wave mode. In such a system, microwave radiation is efficiently absorbed by the entire sample, allowing the material to heat rapidly and uniformly throughout its volume.

As the starting material, the researchers used cotton waste from textile production, which is an accessible and renewable raw material with a high carbon content.

“The entire process of converting the initial cotton into carbon and forming the porous structure took less than five minutes. For comparison, conventional thermal treatment requires more than one and a half hours and significantly higher energy consumption. The resulting carbon materials have a well-developed hierarchical porous structure,” said Valentin Berestov, assistant at the Department of Physical Chemistry at MISIS University and junior researcher at RIAMT.

Traditional analogues are dominated by very small pores, which makes it difficult for electrolyte ions to penetrate quickly. In the new material, however, an effective combination of small pores and larger channels is formed. This facilitates ion transport inside the electrode and improves the performance of the supercapacitor, especially under high loads.

Tests showed that the samples retain more than 95% of their capacitance even after 20,000 charge-discharge cycles. At high current densities, they demonstrate better performance than activated carbons produced by conventional methods.

Details of the study were published in Journal of Energy Storage (Q1).

“Microwave radiation has been used before to produce activated carbon, but typically this is done in so-called resonator-type furnaces, which are structurally very similar to household microwave ovens. In such cases, the speed of production or the quality of the material did not always surpass traditional methods. In our work, we proposed an original technical solution, which is irradiating the sample in a waveguide. This makes it possible to dramatically increase the speed of obtaining materials with the required properties. Using textile waste as a raw material also reduces environmental impact and aligns with the circular economy concept, where waste becomes a resource,” added Ilya Krechetov, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics and associate professor at the Department of Physical Chemistry at MISIS University.

The technology can be scaled and adapted for other types of biomass. In the future, this approach may open the way to rapid and environmentally friendly production of materials for next-generation energy storage systems, from portable electronics to electric transport and industrial energy applications.

“Developments from NUST MISIS are successfully applied across various high-tech industries: from medicine to aviation and space. The new aluminum alloy with the addition of tin, created by our researchers under the leadership of young and talented Doctor of Technical Sciences Torgom Akopyan, shows strong potential for sectors where the combination of strength and lightness is critical. The use of this patented material will significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing high-load components in the aviation, space, and transport industries,” said Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS.

At the initial stage, all components were melted, mixed, and cast into ingots. These ingots were then rolled into sheets, which helped densify the metal structure. The most critical stage is heat treatment: first, the alloy was quenched, and then an aging process was applied. At the final stage, a microalloying addition of tin triggered the formation of numerous ultrafine copper-containing particles within the metal, which provide the material with high strength.

“It is important to note that the performance improvement is achieved without the use of expensive or toxic alloying elements such as silver or cadmium, while maintaining a high capacity for deformation without fracture. The alloy can be used to produce structural elements of airframes, frames, fastenings, and landing gear assemblies in the aerospace industry,” said Torgom Akopyan, Doctor of Technical Sciences and Senior Researcher at the Department of Metal Pressure Forming, NUST MISIS.

The new composition and processing regimes make it possible to control the material’s structure at the nanoscale, which increases its key mechanical properties (ultimate strength and yield strength) by 30–40% while preserving high ductility. In transport engineering, the alloy can be used to manufacture high-load components for cars, trains, and specialized machinery, including body structures, frames, and suspension elements. It also enables the production of all major types of wrought semi-finished products: rolled plates and sheets, forgings, and extruded bars.

“The advantage of this method lies in its full compatibility with existing industrial infrastructure. Transitioning to the production of the new alloy will not require costly re-equipment of facilities, standard casting, rolling, and heat treatment equipment can be used. This ensures a low barrier to adoption and rapid return on investment,” explained Nikolay Belov, Doctor of Technical Sciences and Chief Researcher at the Department of Metal Pressure Forming, NUST MISIS.

The work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 23-73-30007).

“A team of scientists at MISIS University, led by Professor Nikolai A. Belov, Doctor of Technical Sciences and one of the world’s most highly cited researchers, has developed an innovative aluminum alloy containing calcium and titanium. The material combines excellent casting properties with exceptional ductility. In the future, the new alloy could be used to produce lightweight and durable components for the mechanical engineering industry,” MISIS University Rector Alevtina Chernikova.

Traditional aluminum—silicon alloys are widely used in manufacturing due to their good casting performance, low density, and cost efficiency. However, they have a significant drawback — low ductility. As a result, they are unable to withstand impact loads and complex deformation, which considerably limits their range of applications. The MISIS University researchers proposed an alternative based on an aluminum—calcium system with the addition of titanium.

“We discovered a new compound containing aluminum, calcium, and titanium. As the melt solidifies, a compact ternary phase forms instead of the coarse and brittle crystals that typically reduce alloy deformability,” Evgenia Naumova, Doctor of Technical Sciences and Associate Professor at the Department of Metal Forming at MISIS University.

The detailed findings of the study have been published in the scientific journal Materials Letters.

“As the alloy solidifies, it develops a structure we describe as a ‘natural composite.’ It can be compared to a reinforced material: the finest hard particles are uniformly distributed within a ductile aluminum matrix. Hardness increases proportionally with the fraction of these particles. Alloys containing 0.5% titanium demonstrated the optimal balance of properties,” Professor Nikolai Belov, Chief Researcher at the Department of Metal Forming at MISIS University.

The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 23-79-30015).

“As part of the Priority 2030 national program, a research team at NUST MISIS led by Professor Alexey Ustinov, a globally recognized scientist, is implementing the strategic technological project ‘Quantum Internet.’ One of its key objectives is to create the conditions necessary for transitioning quantum technologies from laboratories into industry and developing competitive products with export potential. The new machine learning—based algorithm enables dynamic optimization of error correction in quantum key distribution systems, improving operational stability under non-ideal conditions. This development is an important step toward building scalable and practical quantum networks,” NUST MISIS Rector Alevtina Chernikova.

Quantum cryptography provides a very high level of data protection because any attempt to intercept information alters the quantum state of the system and cannot go undetected. However, the technology is highly sensitive to noise and equipment instability.

In high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, data streams must be processed almost in real time. This requires fast error correction codes that reveal as little information as possible about the key over the public channel. Selecting the optimal code depends, among other factors, on accurately predicting the initial error rate in the distributed key. The researchers proposed a new solution by training an algorithm to analyze QKD system performance and dynamically predict quantum error rates based on telemetry data.

“At the end of a QKD session, legitimate users obtain ‘raw’ keys that should be identical. However, due to natural noise or potential eavesdropping, these keys always contain errors, which are detected and corrected using special error correction codes. The keys are divided into small blocks, and checksums—known as syndromes—are exchanged over a public channel for each block. This makes it possible to identify and correct mismatched bits without revealing their values. The more auxiliary information required for this exchange, the slower and more vulnerable the process becomes. Our algorithm analyzes system telemetry in real time and selects the optimal error correction mode for each block,” Andrey Tayduganov, Head of the Laboratory of Quantum Communications Theory at NUST MISIS.

“We systematically evaluated modern methods using real-world datasets, which significantly expanded our available toolkit. The key advantage of our method is that it has been validated on real experimental data and is directly applicable to specific physical setups. Most approaches described in the literature are tested only in simulations, allowing them to achieve formally high performance before being validated with actual data,” Denis Derkach, Head of the Research and Training Laboratory for Big Data Analysis Methods at HSE University.

The new model takes into account not only the history of error rate fluctuations but also a range of additional system parameters, enabling it to quickly adapt to unexpected changes. Detailed results of the study are published in the scientific journal Physics of Particles and Nuclei.

The algorithm also analyzes error rates and detection probabilities of decoy laser pulses, which do not contribute to key generation but play an essential role in estimating parameters required to calculate the length of the final secret key. This makes it possible to detect sudden changes in the quantum channel or single-photon detectors at the receiver and incorporate this information for more accurate prediction of signal pulse error rates.

The research was carried out as part of the NUST MISIS strategic technological project Quantum Internet under the Priority 2030 program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (National Project “Youth and Children”), project No. K1-2022-027.

At the heart of quantum computing are qubits. Unlike a bit in a classical computer, which can be either “0” or “1,” a qubit can also exist in a superposition of states. When a qubit is measured, it “chooses” one of the states (0 or 1) with a probability determined by its superposition and then collapses into that state. Each qubit is encoded in the state of a specific physical system, such as an atom or a photon. Modern quantum processors still have a limited number of such elements and are sensitive to errors when performing complex tasks, which is why improving accuracy and reducing the number of computational operations remain key goals. In addition to qubits, there are more complex, multilevel units—qudits—which combine more states (three, four, or more) and can process more information. If researchers learn to control them effectively, these additional levels can be used to simplify computations without increasing the number of physical information carriers—atoms, ions, superconducting systems, and so on.

Researchers at MISIS have developed schemes in which the additional levels of qudits are engaged only during specific steps of an algorithm, after which the system returns to the standard qubit operating mode. This makes it possible to implement quantum algorithms more efficiently.

“We have shown how to simplify complex operations that are essential for most quantum algorithms. Typically, performing them requires many steps and additional elements, which increases the risk of errors. Using extra states already available in qudits allows us to reduce the number of steps needed to carry out such operations,” Alexey Fedorov, PhD, Director of the College of Physics and Quantum Engineering at MISIS.

The new approach is not tied to a specific technology and can be applied across various quantum platforms—from superconducting circuits to ionic and photonic systems. This makes the development universal and promising for the further advancement of quantum computing. The results help bring the practical use of quantum algorithms closer and enhance the efficiency of next-generation quantum devices.

“We deliberately focus on quantum algorithms represented in the form of qubit circuits, since this is how the overwhelming majority of quantum algorithms are described today. This allows us to directly link theoretical ideas with real hardware platforms and to show how qudits can be used without the need to completely rethink existing algorithms,” Anastasia Nikolaeva, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher in the Quantum Information Technologies Group at the Russian Quantum Center and MISIS.

The article was published in Reviews of Modern Physics (Q1), which ranks among the top 1% of scientific journals by citation impact. According to the Scopus database, the journal’s percentile is 99—meaning its articles are cited more frequently than those in 99% of other journals. The journal ranks 13th among more than 49,000 titles across all fields of science.

“We analyzed a wide range of approaches to using qudits in quantum computing—both those developed in our previous studies and those proposed by other research groups. It was important for us not only to bring these results together, but also to highlight their strengths and weaknesses and to present the overall picture in a way that is clear to quantum hardware developers and to fellow theorists working on quantum algorithms,” Evgeny Kiktenko, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Junior Scientific Director of the Quantum Information Technologies Group at the Russian Quantum Center.

The research was carried out as part of the MISIS strategic technological project “Quantum Internet” within the Priority 2030 program of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education, with additional support from the Russian Science Foundation.

“Researchers at MISIS University pay great attention to developments that support the transition to a circular economy. The method for extracting rare refractory metals from spent petrochemical catalysts, developed by a research team led by Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor Vadim Tarasov, is in line with the principles of green metallurgy and makes it possible to return valuable metals to production. The recovered tungsten and molybdenum can subsequently be used in the manufacture of electrodes, heating elements, heat-resistant materials, and sensitive sensors,” Alevtina Chernikova, Rector of NUST MISIS.

Rare refractory metals are recovered from spent catalysts based on alumina carriers, which are widely used in oil refining, gas purification, and other chemical processes. Once their service life is exhausted, the catalysts lose their activating properties, but they still contain up to 25% tungsten and molybdenum oxides by total mass. This makes them a valuable source of secondary raw materials for recycling.

“Tungsten and molybdenum are desorbed using different reagents. For example, tungsten is precipitated with an alkaline solution and then converted into tungsten oxide, while molybdenum is extracted using an ammonia solution to obtain ammonium paramolybdate, which turns into molybdenum oxide when heated,” Olga Krivolapova, PhD in Engineering, Associate Professor of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold at NUST MISIS.

The process consists of several stages. The spent catalysts are crushed into a powder and leached with a sodium carbonate solution under ultrasonic treatment, which accelerates the dissolution of tungsten and molybdenum compounds. The suspension is then adjusted to the required acidity level, after which sorption is carried out in pulsed columns using domestically produced sorbents that selectively react with the ions of the target metals present. After desorption, tungsten and molybdenum oxides are obtained.

“Unlike traditional extraction methods, which require significant energy consumption and large amounts of expensive reagents, the new sorption-based technology is more environmentally friendly, helps companies save resources, and also reduces equipment wear, as it relies on low-temperature processes,” Vadim Tarasov, Doctor of Engineering Sciences and Head of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold at NUST MISIS.

Both journals have the 99th percentile, indicating that their citation impact — one of the most important indicators of scientific influence — is higher than that of 99% of academic journals. Scopus determines percentiles using the CiteScore metric, which reflects the average number of citations received over four years per article published in a journal. Since citation patterns vary significantly across research fields, rankings are compiled separately for each subject area.

In 2024, Reviews of Modern Physics posted a record CiteScore of 91.1, securing 13th place among more than 49,000 journals indexed by Scopus across all disciplines. By comparison, Nature ranks 22nd with a CiteScore of 78.1.

In the article Qudits for Decomposing Multiqubit Gates and Realizing Quantum Algorithms, published in Reviews of Modern Physics, researchers from the College of physics and quantum engineering at NUST MISIS — Evgeny Kiktenko, Anastasia Nikolaeva, and Alexey Fedorov — explore approaches to using qudits, multi-level quantum systems, for the efficient implementation of quantum algorithms.

ACS Nano has a CiteScore of 24.2 and ranks 297th in the overall Scopus rating. With the participation of Alexander Kvashnin, Professor at the Department of semiconductor and dielectric materials at NUST MISIS, an international team of researchers published the article SbIV, an Unusual Player in 2D Spintronic Devices, presenting the results of a theoretical study of ultrathin films of the perovskite Rb₂SbCl₆.

A specially engineered strain of Pichia pastoris yeast, created using genetic engineering techniques, is capable of synthesizing antibodies, enzymes, and even “sweet” proteins. This makes it possible to precisely program the properties of the gel and tailor it to specific dental applications—for example, adjusting its viscosity, breaking down biofilms, or enhancing antibacterial activity.

“There are a number of non-pathogenic microorganisms—bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi—that are traditionally used as platforms for producing proteins, lipids, and acids needed in biotechnology, the food industry, and medicine. Directed biosynthesis using specialized microorganisms makes it possible to create custom enzymes with predefined properties in any required quantity,” Pavel Volkov, PhD in Chemistry, Associate Professor of the Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry at NUST MISIS.

Young researchers working under the supervision of scientists from the Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry at NUST MISIS designed a new genetic construct containing a gene responsible for producing the required dextranase enzyme in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The research team studied the activity of the biocatalyst under different acidity levels and its ability to act on various substrates. These data helped optimize the development for use in the human oral cavity.

“This strain is particularly effective for producing recombinant enzymes because it eliminates the need for additional chromatographic protein purification—the yeast does not synthesize extraneous foreign proteins or other metabolites,” Yaroslav Gorinov, NUST MISIS student who won RUB 1 million for this development in the Student Startup competition of the University Technology Entrepreneurship Platform, funded by the Innovation Promotion Fund.

In the long term, the introduction of directed biosynthesis methods could significantly reduce the cost and simplify enzyme production by eliminating one of the most expensive stages while maintaining high purity of the final product. The approach makes it possible to obtain substances with the desired properties, including the ability to break down bacterial biofilms that can lead to tooth decay and other dental diseases.

The project completed the NUST MISIS acceleration program, where, over several months, the innovators worked with experts, trackers, and mentors to further develop the initiative.

Aluminum alloys in the 5xxx series are versatile materials known for their strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight. These alloys are used in the production of fuel tanks and aircraft fuselages, automotive panels and frames, ship hulls and deck equipment, as well as sensors and wires in microelectronics. In construction, they are used for windows, facades, and stained glass, while in the food and chemical industries, they serve in technological equipment. However, further enhancement of such materials is limited, as traditional methods are energy-intensive and require expensive alloying elements.

Evgenia Naumova, a candidate of technical sciences and associate professor at the Department of Pressure Metalworking at MISIS, shared: “Microelectronics companies do not need to create new alloys or reconfigure their production lines. The proposed approach is technologically simpler and cheaper than traditional hardening methods. It will also extend the lifespan of products, which in the long run will reduce maintenance and replacement costs.”

The high-pressure twisting method is one of the most effective ways to strengthen metals without altering their chemical composition. During the process, the sample is placed between sturdy anvils and twisted under pressure of tens of thousands of atmospheres. Under these conditions, the material’s structure becomes nanocrystalline, giving the alloy a unique combination of strength and ductility.

“Intensive deformation changes the internal structure of the aluminum alloy: large grains are transformed into ultra-fine ones, which leads to a sharp increase in strength without sacrificing ductility. Given the compact size of the workpiece, we see the primary potential of this material in microelectromechanical systems, where lightweight, durable structures—such as sensors and actuators—are required to maintain their properties through multiple work cycles and resist high temperatures,” Stanislav Rogachev, Doctor of Technical Sciences and associate professor at the Department of Metallography and Strength Physics at MISIS.

The detailed results have been published in the scientific journal Russian Metallurgy (Metally). The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (No. 20-19-00746-P).